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Briefly describe the lamination of the cerebral cortex.

发布时间：2025-11-20 20:32:16

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答案：【计分规则】: Staining cross-sections of the cerebral cortex to reveal the position of neurons’ somas and the intracortical axon tracts allowed neuroanatomists to produce a detailed description of the laminar structure of the cortex in different species. The neurons of the cerebral cortex are grouped into six main layers, from outside to inside: Layer I, the molecular layer, contains few scattered neurons and consists mainly of extensions of apical dendritic tufts of pyramidal neurons and horizontally oriented axons, as well as glial cells. Also, some spiny stellate cells can be found here. Layer II, the external granular layer, contains small pyramidal neurons and numerous stellate neurons. Layer III, the external pyramidal layer, contains predominantly small and medium-size pyramidal neurons, as well as non-pyramidal neurons with vertically oriented intracortical axons. Layer IV, the internal granular layer, contains different types of stellate and pyramidal neurons. Layer V, the internal pyramidal layer, contains large pyramidal neurons which give rise to axons leaving the cortex and running down to subcortical structures. Large pyramidal cells known as Betz cells locate at the motor area of anterior central gyrus. Layer VI, the polymorphic layer, contains few large pyramidal neurons and many small spindle-like pyramidal and fusiform neurons. Long axis of fusiform cell is perpendicular to the surface of the cortex. Their axons form projection fibers and association fibers.